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– Unsuccessful soft landing, intentional hard landing, or mission still in progress. – Successful soft landing with intelligible data return. The tannish hue indicates extraterrestrial soil. – Successful soft landing, intelligible data return, and sample return to Earth. The greenish hue indicates terrestrial return.
The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the ...
Montage of planets and some moons that the two Voyager spacecraft have visited and studied. It is the only program that visited all four outer planets. A total of nine spacecraft have been launched on missions that involve visits to the outer planets; all nine missions involve encounters with Jupiter, with four spacecraft also visiting Saturn.
The great majority of Earth-orbiting satellites. Space probes leaving Earth orbit that are not concerned with Solar System exploration (such as space telescopes targeted at distant galaxies, cosmic background radiation observatories, and so on). Probes that failed at launch.
The first artificial object sent into space was the Soviet satellite Sputnik 1, launched on 4 October 1957, which successfully orbited Earth until 4 January the following year. [65] The American probe Explorer 6, launched in 1959, was the first satellite to image Earth from space.
1959 – Explorer 6 sends the first image of the entire Earth from space. [178] 1959 – Luna 3 sends the first images of another celestial body, the Moon, from space, including its unseen far side. [179] 1962 – Mariner 2 Venus flyby performs the first closeup observations of another planet. [180]
landed: 121 days (3 mo, 29 d) Venera 7 made the first successful landing on another planet, and returned signals from the surface of Venus for 23 minutes. [5] Mars 2 Orbiter and Lander: Mars 19 May 1971 27 November 1971 impact: 193 days (6 mo, 9 d) The Mars 2 lander crashed into Mars on 27 November 1971, in a failed soft landing attempt.
A terrestrial planet, tellurian planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet, is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate, rocks or metals. Within the Solar System , the terrestrial planets accepted by the IAU are the inner planets closest to the Sun : Mercury , Venus , Earth and Mars .