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The Railways Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5.c. 55), [1] also known as the Grouping Act, was an act of Parliament enacted by the British government, and was intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies, by "grouping" them into four large companies, dubbed the "Big Four". [2]
The Railways Act 1921 only extended to Great Britain. Railways in Ireland and the Crown Dependencies were not affected unless owned by a railway company in Great Britain. The railways included in this section were standard gauge, unless otherwise noted: Alderney Railway; Belfast and County Down Railway; 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm)
The history of rail transport in Great Britain 1830–1922 covers the period between the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR), and the Grouping, the amalgamation of almost all of Britain's many railway companies into the Big Four by the Railways Act 1921. The inaugural journey of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, by A.B ...
Glasgow and South Western Railway became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921. Ardrossan and Johnstone Railway opened 6 November 1831; became the dual-tracked Ardrossan Railway on 23 July 1840; Bridge of Weir Railway opened 1864; Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway opened 12 August 1840. [1]
The companies were formed as a result of the Railways Act 1921, in a process known as "The Grouping" (of the railways), which came into effect on 1 January 1923. On 1 January 1948, the companies were nationalised to form British Railways as a result of the Transport Act 1947.
The Railways Act 1873; The Light Railways Act 1896; The Railways Act 1921; The Transport Act 1947; The Railways Act 1993; The Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003; The Railways Act 2005; The Railway and Canal Traffic Acts 1854 to 1894 is the collective title of the following Acts: [3] The Railway and Canal Traffic Act 1854 (17 & 18 Vict. c. 31)
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The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) was the second largest (after LMS) of the "Big Four" railway companies created by the Railways Act 1921 in Britain. It operated from 1 January 1923 until nationalisation on 1 January 1948.