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The Forgotten Minorities of Eastern Europe: The History and Today of Selected Ethnic Groups in Five Countries. East-West Books. p. 31. ISBN 9789529168088. Polian, Pavel (2004). Against Their Will: The History and Geography of Forced Migrations in the USSR. Central European University Press. p. 199. ISBN 963-9241-68-7. Gladman, Imogen (2004).
The Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod (unveiled on 8 September 1862). The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. [1] [2] The traditional start date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in the year 862, ruled by Varangians.
The Russian Republic, [f] referred to as the Russian Democratic Federative Republic [g] in the 1918 Constitution, was a short-lived state which controlled, de jure, the territory of the former Russian Empire after its proclamation by the Russian Provisional Government on 1 September (14 September, N.S. Tooltip New Style) 1917 in a decree signed by Alexander Kerensky as Minister-Chairman and ...
Ukraine was briefly declared a people's republic in 1917. [15] The Khanate of Khiva [16] and the Emirate of Bukhara, [17] both territories of the former Russian Empire, were transformed into people's republics in 1920. In 1921, the Russian protectorate of Tuva became a people's republic, [18] followed in 1924 by neighbouring Mongolia. [19]
The Mongolian People's Republic was established. 27 November: The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic was incorporated into the Uzbek SSR. 1925: 6 January: Trotsky was forced to resign his military offices. 19 February: The lands of the Karakalpaks became the Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast, an oblast of the Kyrgyz ASSR (1920–1925). 7 April ...
The formal end to Tatar rule over Russia was the defeat of the Tatars at the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and Vasili III (r. 1505–1533) had consolidated the centralized Russian state following the annexations of the Novgorod Republic in 1478, Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, Volokolamsk in 1513, Ryazan in 1521, and Novgorod-Seversk in 1522.
Russia, by constitution, is a symmetric federal republic with a semi-presidential system, wherein the president is the head of state, [260] and the prime minister is the head of government. [9] It is structured as a multi-party representative democracy , with the federal government composed of three branches: [ 261 ]
The modern history of Russia began with the Russian SFSR, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, gaining more political and economical autonomy amidst the imminent dissolution of the USSR during 1988–1991, proclaiming its sovereignty inside the Union in June 1990, and electing its first President Boris Yeltsin a year later.