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Though Kush had developed many cultural affinities with Egypt, such as the veneration of Amun, and the royal families of both kingdoms occasionally intermarried, Kushite culture, language and ethnicity was distinct; Egyptian art distinguished the people of Kush by their dress, appearance, and even method of transportation. [8]
The Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXV, alternatively 25th Dynasty or Dynasty 25), also known as the Nubian Dynasty, the Kushite Empire, the Black Pharaohs, [2] [3] or the Napatans, after their capital Napata, [4] was the last dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt that occurred after the Kushite invasion.
The last standing pillars of the temple of Amun at the foot of Jebel Barkal. Napata was founded by Thutmose III in the 15th century BC after his conquest of Kush. Because Egyptians believed that the inundation of the Nile equated Creation, Napata's location as the southernmost point in the empire led it to become an important religious centre and settlement. [5]
In addition to architecture, the Kingdom of Kush was deeply influenced by Egyptian culture. [108] [109] [110] By 780 BC, Amun was the main god of Kush and "intense contacts with Thebes" were maintained. [86]: 144 Kush used the methods of Egyptian art and writing. [111]
Egyptian deities also began to undergo a "Nubianization" in Egypt. [4] Egyptians originally depicted Aman as a human-headed male, but by the New Kingdom both Egypt and Kush depicted him as a ram-headed male, a depiction very reminiscent of the indigenous Nubian ram-headed deities of water and fertility that were originally worshipped at Kerma. [4]
Shabaka succeeded in preserving Egypt's independence from outside foreign powers—especially the Neo-Assyrian Empire of Sargon II. The most famous relic from Shabaka's reign is the Shabaka Stone which records several Old Kingdom documents that the king ordered preserved.
Had a largely peaceful and prosperous reign, overseeing several building projects in Egypt and Kush. [48] Lost Egypt to the Assyrian Empire in 671 BCE [49] and transferred the capital back to Napata. [41] Recaptured Egypt but defeated again in 667 BCE. [50] Founded a new royal cemetery in Nuri, used by later kings for c. 300 years. [41] Nu. 1 ...
Ancient Egypt shared a long and complex history with the Nile Valley to the south, the region called Nubia (modern Sudan). Beginning with the Kerma culture and continuing with the Kingdom of Kush based at Napata and then Meroë, Nubian culture absorbed Egyptian influences at various times, for both political and religious reasons. The result is ...