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argon-ion lasers at 458 and 488 nm [5] Lasers emitting wavelengths below 445 nm appear violet, but are nonetheless also called blue lasers. Violet light's 405 nm short wavelength, on the visible spectrum, causes fluorescence in some chemicals, like radiation in the ultraviolet ("black light") spectrum (wavelengths less than 400 nm).
The wavelength of diode lasers is typically in the 780 - 980 nm wavelength range. [2] Compared with Nd:YAG laser and CO 2 laser, diode laser has supreme advantage in energy efficiency. The high-energy light wave can penetrate a thickness of a few millimeters in semicrystalline plastics and further in unpigmented amorphous plastics. [2]
Carbon fiber testing is a set of various different tests that researchers use to characterize the properties of carbon fiber. The results for the testing are used to aid the manufacturer and developers decisions selecting and designing material composites, manufacturing processes and for ensured safety and integrity.
A single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) can be envisioned as strip of a graphene molecule (a single sheet of graphite) rolled and joined into a seamless cylinder.The structure of the nanotube can be characterized by the width of this hypothetical strip (that is, the circumference c or diameter d of the tube) and the angle α of the strip relative to the main symmetry axes of the hexagonal ...
The properties of a CFRP depend on the layouts of the carbon fiber and the proportion of the carbon fibers relative to the polymer. [6] The two different equations governing the net elastic modulus of composite materials using the properties of the carbon fibers and the polymer matrix can also be applied to carbon fiber reinforced plastics. [ 7 ]
A white light source—emitting light of multiple wavelengths—is focused on a sample (the pairs of complementary colors are indicated by the yellow dotted lines). Upon striking the sample, photons that match the energy gap of the molecules present (green light in this example) are absorbed, exciting the molecules. Other photons are scattered ...
The mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, electrochemical, catalytic properties of the nanocomposite will differ markedly from that of the component materials. Size limits for these effects have been proposed: [1] <5 nm for catalytic activity <20 nm for making a hard magnetic material soft <50 nm for refractive index changes
From the early 1960s through the mid-1980s, Hg lamps had been used in lithography for their spectral lines at 436 nm ("g-line"), 405 nm ("h-line") and 365 nm ("i-line"). However, with the semiconductor industry's need for both higher resolution (to produce denser and faster chips) and higher throughput (for lower costs), lamp-based lithography ...