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The equation for head loss in pipes, also referred to as slope, S, expressed in "feet per foot of length" vs. in 'psi per foot of length' as described above, with the inside pipe diameter, d, being entered in feet vs. inches, and the flow rate, Q, being entered in cubic feet per second, cfs, vs. gallons per minute, gpm, appears very similar.
The relationship between gallons per minute (gpm) and fixture unit is not constant, but varies with the number of fixture units. For example, 1000 FU is equivalent to 220 US gallons per minute (0.014 m 3 /s) while 2000 FU represents only 330 US gallons per minute (0.021 m 3 /s), about 1.5 times the flow rate.
The metric equivalent flow factor (K v) is calculated using metric units: =, where [3]. K v is the flow factor (expressed in m 3 /h), Q is the flowrate (expressed in m 3 /h), SG is the specific gravity of the fluid (for water = 1),
Allen Hazen derived an empirical formula for approximating hydraulic conductivity from grain-size analyses: = where Hazen's empirical coefficient, which takes a value between 0.0 and 1.5 (depending on literature), with an average value of 1.0. A.F. Salarashayeri & M. Siosemarde indicate C is usually between 1.0 and 1.5, with D in mm and K in cm/s.
Parshall flumes (right) alongside other types of flow meters. The Parshall flume is an open channel flow-metering device that was developed to measure the flow of surface water and irrigation flow.
This depth is converted to a flow rate according to a theoretical formula of the form = where is the flow rate, is a constant, is the water level, and is an exponent which varies with the device used; or it is converted according to empirically derived level/flow data points (a "flow curve"). The flow rate can then be integrated over time into ...
A total of 16 standard sizes of Cutthroat flumes have been developed, covering flow ranges from 0.3536 gpm [0.0223 L/s] to 54,801 gpm [3,458 L/s]. [2] Free-flow equation
atm cfs [citation needed] ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/s = 2.869 204 480 9344 × 10 3 W: BTU (International Table) per hour: BTU IT /h ≡ 1 BTU IT /h ≈ 0.293 071 W: BTU (International Table) per minute: BTU IT /min ≡ 1 BTU IT /min ≈ 17.584 264 W: BTU (International Table) per second: BTU IT /s ≡ 1 BTU IT /s = 1.055 055 852 62 × 10 3 W ...