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Pines of Rome (Italian: Pini di Roma), P 141, is a tone poem in four movements for orchestra completed in 1924 by the Italian composer Ottorino Respighi. It is the second of his three tone poems about Rome , following Fontane di Roma (1916) and preceding Feste Romane (1928).
Roman Festivals (Italian: Feste Romane), P 157 is a tone poem in four movements for orchestra completed in 1928 by the Italian composer Ottorino Respighi. [1] It is the last of his three tone poems about Rome, following Fountains of Rome (1916) and Pines of Rome (1924), which he referred to as a triptych. [2]
The orchestration calls for an average-sized orchestra of 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets in A/B♭, 2 bassoons, 3 horns in D (doubling 2 horns in E/F), 2 trumpets in A/D (doubling trumpet in C), 3 trombones, 3 timpani, celesta, harpsichord 4-hands, harp and strings.
Ottorino Respighi (/ r ɛ ˈ s p iː ɡ i / reh-SPEE-ghee, [1] US also / r ə ˈ-/ rə-; [2] Italian: [ottoˈriːno reˈspiːɡi]; 9 July 1879 – 18 April 1936) was an Italian composer, violinist, teacher, and musicologist and one of the leading Italian composers of the early 20th century.
Fountains of Rome calls for the following large orchestra, including piano, celesta, harps, chimes, and organ ad lib.: woodwinds: piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets in B-flat and A, bass clarinet in B-flat and A, 2 bassoons; brass: 4 French horns in F, 3 trumpets in B-flat and A, 3 trombones, tuba
All three movements include wild and rapid jumps which span over two octaves, complex polyrhythms, extremely fast scales, and tremolos. The third and largest movement is known for long, relentless trills in thirds, some even in the four fingers of the left hand while the thumb carries a separate melody.
Andante and Finale for piano and orchestra, Op. posth. 79 (1893) This was Sergei Taneyev's idea of what Tchaikovsky might have written had he used three of the movements of the abandoned Symphony in E ♭, rather than just the first movement Allegro brillante, when rescoring the symphony as the Piano Concerto No. 3 in E ♭
Ottorino Respighi (1879–1936), known for his symphonic poems The Fountains of Rome and The Pines of Rome; Gian Franco Reverberi (born 1934) Gian Piero Reverberi (born 1939), brother of Gian Franco; Giovanni Battista Riccio (late 16th century – after 1621), also known as Giambattista Riccio; Vittorio Rieti (1898–1994), composer of Barabau