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The solvency ratio of an insurance company is the size of its capital relative to all risks it has taken. The solvency ratio is most often defined as: The solvency ratio is most often defined as: n e t . a s s e t s ÷ n e t . p r e m i u m . w r i t t e n {\displaystyle net.assets\div net.premium.written}
There are several reasons to prefer the likelihood ratio test or the Lagrange multiplier to the Wald test: [18] [19] [20] Non-invariance: As argued above, the Wald test is not invariant under reparametrization, while the likelihood ratio tests will give exactly the same answer whether we work with R, log R or any other monotonic transformation ...
Thus the likelihood-ratio test tests whether this ratio is significantly different from one, or equivalently whether its natural logarithm is significantly different from zero. The likelihood-ratio test, also known as Wilks test , [ 2 ] is the oldest of the three classical approaches to hypothesis testing, together with the Lagrange multiplier ...
In statistics, Somers’ D, sometimes incorrectly referred to as Somer’s D, is a measure of ordinal association between two possibly dependent random variables X and Y. ...
Often discussed in tandem with KR-20, is Kuder–Richardson Formula 21 (KR-21). [4] KR-21 is a simplified version of KR-20, which can be used when the difficulty of all items on the test are known to be equal.
Note that for discrete random variables, no discretization procedure is necessary. This method is applicable to stationary streaming data as well as large data sets. For non-stationary streaming data, where the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient may change over time, the same procedure can be applied, but to a moving window of observations.
The Brown–Forsythe test uses the median instead of the mean in computing the spread within each group (¯ vs. ~, above).Although the optimal choice depends on the underlying distribution, the definition based on the median is recommended as the choice that provides good robustness against many types of non-normal data while retaining good statistical power. [3]
Sequential analysis also has a connection to the problem of gambler's ruin that has been studied by, among others, Huygens in 1657. [12]Step detection is the process of finding abrupt changes in the mean level of a time series or signal.