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In Spain, primary school and secondary school are considered basic (obligatory) education. These are Primaria (6–12 years old), which is the Spanish equivalent of elementary school and the first year of middle school, and Secundaria (12–16 years old), which would be a mixture of the last two years of middle school and the first two years of ...
Primary education (between 6 and 12 years old) is compulsory (and, due to this, is free in public institutions, including the text books in some autonomous communities). Secondary education (ESO is the acronym in Spanish ) contains four separate years for students between 12 and 16.
Costa Rica has the highest ranked education system in Latin America. Primary education in Costa Rica is required by law for most children in the country between the ages of 6 and 13. Because of this, their literacy is 98% which is one of the highest in Latin America. Primary education starts in first grade and goes through sixth grade.
In primary education, secondary education and Baccalaureate, Spain uses a 0 to 10-point grading scale: 9 and 10 is the best possible grade and is called "Sobresaliente (SB)" ("outstanding"). A special mention called "Matrícula de Honor" can be granted to a limited number of students per group (typically to up to 5% of the students).
The need for change in the 1970s was evident in Spain at the social, political and educational levels. A law covering the whole of the national education system was necessary. It was intended to provide the country with an education system that was fairer, more efficient and more in line with the needs of the Spanish people.
Education in Spain is established as a decentralized system in which the regions have powers over the basic and secondary education while the central government establishes the general basis of the system and it is responsible for the tertiary education. [4]
Primary education is free at government run schools. The grading is managed by the Ministry of Education. However, there are also many schools run by expatriates that are equally successful with their own grading system, or an accepted grading system of the country where the schools are affiliated to or share common standards with.
Primary education for women focused on girls' future roles in the home. Reforms in 1945 worked to reinforce this, in particular by making all education segregated by sex and requiring compulsory attendance. By 1954, 33% of all primary school students would be girls. During the Franco period, high school was no longer an extension of primary school.