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Nonmarket as well as its antecedents "non-economic" and "social" reflects the long search for a term that would encompass what is "not market" after the economic market institution had become the dominant exchange mechanism in modern capitalist economies. "Market" itself is a complex concept which Boyer (1997: 62-66) variously categorized as:
The simplest example is the family household. Other examples include barter economies, gift economies and primitive communism. Even in a monetary economy, there are a significant number of nonmonetary transactions. Examples include household labor, care giving, civic activity, or friends working to help one another.
This is a form of non-market work which can fall into one of two categories: (1) unpaid work that is placed within the production boundary of the System of National Accounts (SNA), such as gross domestic product (GDP); and (2) unpaid work that falls outside of the production boundary (non-SNA work), such as domestic labor that occurs inside ...
An extreme example of shadow economy camouflaged by the financial market is Luxembourg where the relative annual shadow economy is only 8% of the GDP which is the second lowest percentage (2013) of all EU countries whereas its absolute size (€6.800 per capita) is the highest. Map of the national shadow economies per capita in EU countries.
For example, a school or a university would be a market producer if it charges fees which are based on their production costs, and which are sufficiently high to influence demand for their services. The school or university would have to generate a definite operating surplus (profit) or loss.
For example, production and investment decisions may be semi-planned by the state, but distribution of output may be determined by the market mechanism. State-directed socialism can also refer to technocratic socialism—economic systems that rely on technocratic management and technocratic planning mechanisms, along with public ownership of ...
Neighborhood friends and family sharing household and childcare responsibilities is an example of non-market activity performed outside of the traditional labor market. More specifically, for example, Nancy Folbre examines the role of children as public goods and how the non-market labor of parents contributes to the development of human ...
Footloose industry refers to an industry that can be located at any place without effect from factors of production such as resources, land, labour, and capital. [citation needed] These industries do not have strong preferences for location as the necessary resources can be found in multiple locations, making them prone to relocation.