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In geometry, a half-space is either of the two parts into which a plane divides the three-dimensional Euclidean space. [1] If the space is two-dimensional, then a half-space is called a half-plane (open or closed). [2] [3] A half-space in a one-dimensional space is called a half-line [4] or ray.
The lower half-plane is the set of points (,) with < instead. Arbitrary oriented half-planes can be obtained via a planar rotation. Half-planes are an example of two-dimensional half-space. A half-plane can be split in two quadrants.
In mathematics, a plane is a two-dimensional space or flat surface that extends indefinitely. A plane is the two-dimensional analogue of a point (zero dimensions), a line (one dimension) and three-dimensional space. When working exclusively in two-dimensional Euclidean space, the definite article is used, so the Euclidean plane refers to the ...
In complex analysis, the (open) right half-plane is the set of all points in the complex plane whose real part is strictly positive, that is, the set {: >}. An illustration of the right-half plane. References
The Poincaré half-plane model is named after Henri Poincaré, but it originated with Eugenio Beltrami who used it, along with the Klein model and the Poincaré disk model, to show that hyperbolic geometry was equiconsistent with Euclidean geometry. The half-plane model can be generalized to the Poincaré half-space model of ...
Two points in the upper half-plane give isomorphic elliptic curves if and only if they are related by a transformation in the modular group. Thus, the quotient of the upper half-plane by the action of the modular group is the so-called moduli space of elliptic curves: a space whose points describe isomorphism classes of elliptic curves. This is ...
Three ideal triangles in the Poincaré disk model creating an ideal pentagon Two ideal triangles in the Poincaré half-plane model. In hyperbolic geometry an ideal triangle is a hyperbolic triangle whose three vertices all are ideal points. Ideal triangles are also sometimes called triply asymptotic triangles or trebly asymptotic triangles.
The Poincaré half-plane model takes one-half of the Euclidean plane, bounded by a line B of the plane, to be a model of the hyperbolic plane. The line B is not included in the model. The Euclidean plane may be taken to be a plane with the Cartesian coordinate system and the x-axis is taken as line B and the half plane is the upper half ( y > 0 ...