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Dimethyl oxalate can be converted into ethylene glycol in high yields (94.7%) [10] [11] The methanol formed is recycled in the process of oxidative carbonylation. [12] Other plants with a total annual capacity of more than 1 million tons of ethylene glycol per year are planned. Decarbonylation gives dimethyl carbonate. [13]
Synthesis of acrylic acid using "Reppe chemistry"; a metal catalyst is required. The carbomethoxylation of ethylene to give methyl propionate: C 2 H 4 + CO + MeOH → MeO 2 CC 2 H 5. Methyl propionate ester is a precursor to methyl methacrylate. [10] Hydroesterification is like hydrocarboxylation, but it uses alcohols in place of water. [11]
Oxalate (systematic IUPAC name: ethanedioate) is an anion with the chemical formula C 2 O 2− 4. This dianion is colorless. It occurs naturally, including in some foods. It forms a variety of salts, for example sodium oxalate (Na 2 C 2 O 4), and several esters such as dimethyl oxalate ((CH 3) 2 C 2 O 4). It is a conjugate base of oxalic acid.
Another process uses oxygen to regenerate the nitric acid, using a variety of precursors including glycolic acid and ethylene glycol. [17] As of 2011, this process was only used by Mitsubishi in Japan. [18] A newer method entails oxidative carbonylation of alcohols to give the diesters of oxalic acid: 4 ROH + 4 CO + O 2 → 2 (CO 2 R) 2 + 2 H 2 O
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
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If produced from oleochemical feedstock or the Ziegler process, the hydrocarbon chain of the alcohol will be linear. If derived using the oxo process, a low level of branching will appear usually with a methyl or ethyl group at the C-2 position, containing even and odd amounts of alkyl chains. [3] These alcohols react with chlorosulfuric acid:
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