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In 2003, the American psychiatrists Philip M. Liu and David A. Van Liew [50] advanced the view that the concept of burnout is largely bereft of meaning and has often come to refer to "stress-induced unhappiness" with one's job. They, however, also wrote that burnout can mean "everything from fatigue to a major depression and now seems to have ...
Personal resources, such as status, social support, money, or shelter, may reduce or prevent an employee's emotional exhaustion. According to the Conservation of Resources theory (COR), people strive to obtain, retain and protect their personal resources, either instrumental (for example, money or shelter), social (such as social support or status), or psychological (for example, self-esteem ...
Evidence for the dual process: a number of studies have supported the dual pathways to employee well being proposed by the JD-R model. It has been shown that the model can predict important organizational outcomes (e.g. [9] [10] [3] Taken together, research findings support the JD-R model's claim that job demands and job resources initiate two different psychological processes, which ...
The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is a psychological assessment instrument comprising 22 symptom items pertaining to occupational burnout. [1] The original form of the MBI was developed by Christina Maslach and Susan E. Jackson with the goal of assessing an individual's experience of burnout. [2]
The types of jobs that pay workers higher salaries tend to provide them with greater job-related autonomy. As indicated above, job-related autonomy is associated with better health. A problem in research on occupational stress is how to "unconfound" the relationship between stressful working conditions, such as low levels of autonomy, and ...
Research has identified a number of job stressors (environmental conditions at work) that contribute to strains (adverse behavioral, emotional, physical, and psychological reactions). [65] Occupational stress can have implications for organizational performance because of the emotions job stress evokes.
To screen out the toxic staff, it suggests the "no asshole rule". The author insists upon use of the word asshole since other words such as bully or jerk "do not convey the same degree of awfulness". [6] In terms of using the word in the book's title, he said "There's an emotional reaction to a dirty title.
Christina Maslach (born January 21, 1946) [1] is an American social psychologist and professor emerita of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, [2] known for her research on occupational burnout. [3] She is a co-author of the Maslach Burnout Inventory [4] and Areas of Worklife Survey. [5]