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The Art of Mathura refers to a particular school of Indian art, almost entirely surviving in the form of sculpture, starting in the 2nd century BCE, which centered on the city of Mathura, in central northern India, during a period in which Buddhism, Jainism together with Hinduism flourished in India. [5]
Several seated Buddha triads in an elaborate style are known from the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara, such as the Brussels Buddha, which may also be dated to the early years of Kanishka. [ 21 ] [ 5 ] "Indrasala architrave", detail of the Buddha in Indrasala Cave , 50-100 CE.
The inscription on the base of a Buddha statue states: "In the 93rd year of Maharaja Devaputra Vasudeva...", corresponding to c. 171 CE, or more probably 220 CE, with the more recent definition of the Kanishka era as starting in 127 CE (127+93=220). [2] The complete inscription reads:
Mostly these show scenes from the life or earlier lives of the Buddha, but there are other secular scenes. [ 13 ] The pose is found for religious figures from Kushan art (1st to 4th century CE) from Gandhara and Mathura , [ 14 ] although at this period it is rare, with a larger number of seated Buddha images, many with crossed legs, a pose that ...
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The in-situ seated Buddha (or Bodhisattva) statue at Butkara is considered one of the earliest, if not the earliest, known iconographical statues of the Buddha in northwestern India. [4] Van Lohuizen-de Leeuw considers that the statue dates to the late 1st century BCE to the early 1st century, as it was discovered in the GSt 3 stratum that ...
Head of a Buddha or Bodhisattva, facing (4th-5th century), probably Hadda, Tapa Shotor. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Seated Buddha, Tapa Shotor (Niche V1). Tapa Shotor , also Tape Shotor or Tapa-e-shotor ("Camel Hill"), [ 5 ] was a large Sarvastivadin monastery near Hadda , Afghanistan , and is now an archaeological site. [ 6 ]
These often have a shrine set back at the centre of the back wall, containing a stupa in early examples, or a Buddha statue later. The vihara was the key building in Buddhist monastic complexes, used to live, study and pray in. Typical large sites contain several viharas for every chaitya. [12]