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The power needed to propel a car at any given set of conditions and speed is straightforward to calculate, based primarily on the total weight and the vehicle's speed. These produce two primary forces slowing the car: rolling resistance and air drag. The former varies roughly with the speed of the vehicle, while the latter varies with the ...
Transmission internals for a 2009 Volkswagen Golf. A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication/reduction in a machine.
Car controls are the components in automobiles and other powered road vehicles, such as trucks and buses, used for driving and parking. While controls like steering wheels and pedals have existed since the invention of cars, other controls have developed and adapted to the demands of drivers.
The idealized four-stroke Otto cycle p-V diagram: the intake (A) stroke is performed by an isobaric expansion, followed by the compression (B) stroke, performed as an adiabatic compression. Through the combustion of fuel an isochoric process is produced, followed by an adiabatic expansion, characterizing the power (C) stroke.
A stepper motor, also known as step motor or stepping motor, [1] is a brushless DC electric motor that rotates in a series of small and discrete angular steps. [2] Stepper motors can be set to any given step position without needing a position sensor for feedback. The step position can be rapidly increased or decreased to create continuous ...
Diagram of an IVT Some CVTs can also function as an infinitely variable transmission (IVT) which offers an infinite range of low gears (e.g. moving a vehicle forward at an infinitely slow speed). Some IVTs prevent back driving (where the output shaft can freely rotate, like an automotive transmission in neutral) due to providing high back ...
Haynes Owner's Workshop Manuals (commonly known as Haynes Manuals) is a series of manuals from the British publisher Haynes Publishing Group.The series focuses primarily on the maintenance and repair of automotive vehicles and covers a range of makes and models, with manuals for over 600 car and 225 motorcycle models.
Diagram showing how a car horn works. A horn grille is a part of some designs of car or other motor vehicle that has an electric horn, such as a motor scooter. Larger, louder air horns, as found on trucks (lorries) and buses, are driven by air compressors, or supplied by reservoirs charged to operate their air brakes. The compressor forces air ...