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Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information. [5] [6] Misinformation and disinformation are not interchangeable terms: Misinformation can exist with or without specific malicious intent whereas disinformation is distinct in that the information is deliberately deceptive and propagated.
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact". [23]
The Interpersonal Deception Theory explores the interrelation between communicative context and sender and receiver cognitions and behaviors in deceptive exchanges. Some forms of deception include: Lies : making up information or giving information that is the opposite or very different from the truth.
Fact check: Four deceptive quotes in Trump’s wildly misleading new television ad. Daniel Dale, CNN. October 29, 2024 at 11:18 AM ... But as the Times itself has noted, this is a misleading snip.
USCA §1125 addresses gaps in the Lanham Act, but is not a perfect remedy. Advertisements that present false descriptions of fact are considered deceptive, with no additional evidence required; when an advertisement makes a factual (but misleading) claim, however, evidence of confusion of an average consumer is needed. [26]
A false statement, also known as a falsehood, falsity, misstatement or untruth, is a statement that is false or does not align with reality.This concept spans various fields, including communication, law, linguistics, and philosophy.
Fake news is false or misleading information presented as news. [10] [16] The term as it developed in 2017 is a neologism (a new or re-purposed expression that is entering the language, driven by culture or technology changes). [17]
A half-truth is a deceptive statement that includes some element of truth.The statement might be partly true, the statement may be totally true, but only part of the whole truth, or it may use some deceptive element, such as improper punctuation, or double meaning, especially if the intent is to deceive, evade, blame or misrepresent the truth.