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The terminal branch is called the inferior laryngeal nerve. [6]: 19 Unlike the other nerves supplying the larynx, the right and left RLNs lack bilateral symmetry. [7] The left RLN is longer than the right, because it crosses under the arch of the aorta at the ligamentum arteriosum. [4]: 1346–1347
A filament descends beneath the mucous membrane on the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage and joins the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Above the vocal folds the sensory innervation of the larynx is via the internal laryngeal nerve. Below the vocal folds it is by way of branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
The laryngeal cavity (cavity of the larynx) extends from the laryngeal inlet downwards to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage where it is continuous with that of the trachea. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] It is divided into two parts by the projection of the vocal folds , between which is a narrow triangular opening, the rima glottidis .
The cricothyroid muscle is the only tensor muscle of the larynx aiding with phonation. It is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve. It is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve. Its action tilts the thyroid forward to help tense the vocal cords , thus increasing the pitch of the voice.
Air rushes into the lungs in order to equalise the pressure. The glottis closes (muscles innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve ) and the vocal cords contract to shut the larynx. The abdominal muscles contract to accentuate the action of the relaxing diaphragm; simultaneously, the other expiratory muscles contract.
Vocal cord paresis, also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or vocal fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle. The RLN is important for speaking, breathing and swallowing.
Superior laryngeal nerve; Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm; Superior mesenteric plexus; Superior rectal plexus; Supraclavicular nerves; Supraorbital nerve; Suprarenal plexus; Suprascapular nerve; Supratrochlear nerve; Sural nerve; Sympathetic trunk; Temporal branches of the facial nerve; Third occipital nerve; Thoracic aortic plexus ...
The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle can be supplied by branches from the pharyngeal plexus, [4] the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, or a combination of these (the recurrent laryngeal nerve being the most common innervation of the cricopharyngeal part). [5]