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In cell biology, microtubule nucleation is the event that initiates de novo formation of microtubules (MTs). These filaments of the cytoskeleton typically form through polymerization of α- and β- tubulin dimers, the basic building blocks of the microtubule, which initially interact to nucleate a seed from which the filament elongates.
Because nucleation from the centrosome is inherently symmetrical, Golgi-associated microtubule nucleation may allow the cell to establish asymmetry in the microtubule network. In recent studies, the Vale group at UCSF identified the protein complex augmin as a critical factor for centrosome-dependent, spindle-based microtubule generation.
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Biological process ... which required for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome. See also
51885 Ensembl ENSG00000137822 ENSMUSG00000027263 UniProt Q9UGJ1 Q9D4F8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001286414 NM_014444 NM_001290824 NM_153387 RefSeq (protein) NP_001273343 NP_055259 NP_001277753 NP_700436 Location (UCSC) Chr 15: 43.37 – 43.41 Mb Chr 2: 121 – 121.03 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Tubulin, gamma complex associated protein 4 is a protein in humans that is ...
The microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) is a structure found in eukaryotic cells from which microtubules emerge. MTOCs have two main functions: the organization of eukaryotic flagella and cilia and the organization of the mitotic and meiotic spindle apparatus , which separate the chromosomes during cell division .
The PCM contains proteins responsible for microtubule nucleation and anchoring [9] — including γ-tubulin, pericentrin and ninein. In general, each centriole of the centrosome is based on a nine-triplet microtubule assembled in a cartwheel structure, and contains centrin, cenexin and tektin. [10]
Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes and they are highly conserved among and between species.
It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis, a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic spindle during meiosis, a process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Besides chromosomes, the spindle apparatus is composed of hundreds of proteins.