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The species are mostly herbaceous perennial plants 0.3–1.5 metres (1–5 feet) tall, but some are annual plants and a few are shrubs up to 3 m (10 ft) tall. An exception is the chamis de monte (Lupinus jaimehintonianus) of Oaxaca in Mexico, which is a tree up to 8 m (26 ft) tall.
The seeds are used for different foods from lupin flake, vegan sausages, lupin-tofu, and lupin flour. Given that lupin seeds have the full range of essential amino acids and that they, contrary to soy, can be grown in more temperate to cool climates, lupins are becoming increasingly recognized as a cash crop alternative to soy.
Additionally, lupins have strong roots, that can reduce the compaction of a soil. [13] The whole plant, including the seeds, is widely used as a fodder for livestock, due to its high protein and energy content. Lupins contain high levels of fermentable carbohydrates and low levels of starch and are, therefore, an adequate ruminant feed.
The following species in the flowering plant genus Lupinus, the lupins or lupines, are accepted by Plants of the World Online. [1] Although the genus originated in the Old World, about 500 of these species are native to the New World, probably due to multiple adaptive radiation events.
Lupinus polyphyllus, the large-leaved lupine, big-leaved lupine, many-leaved lupine, [2] blue-pod lupine, [3] or, primarily in cultivation, garden lupin, is a species of lupine (lupin) native to western North America from southern Alaska and British Columbia [4] and western Wyoming, and south to Utah and California. It commonly grows along ...
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Tailcup lupine, Lupinus argenteus in Nevada, White Mountains, Middle Creek, Fishlake Valley drainage, elevation 2539 m. The flowers of Lupinus caudatus are 8–12 millimeters long with a conspicuous blunt spur that is 0.4–1 millimeter long. [1] [2] Most often the flowers are blue-purple in color, but occasionally they will be white. [3]
Lupinus perennis is used as foodplants by the caterpillars of several Lepidoptera. Among these are the clouded sulphur , eastern tailed blue , gray hairstreak , silvery blue , wild indigo duskywing , frosted elfin ( Callophrys irus ), the eastern Persius duskywing ( Erynnis persius persius ), [ 10 ] and the rare and endangered Karner blue ...