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Other less common variants, such as the Marie Stuart Bonnet, with its heart-shaped brim, and the fanchon bonnet, with its very short brim and back curtain, made appearances in the realm of fashionable headwear. Bonnets could be made of a variety of materials. Bonnets formed from buckram and wire and covered with fashion fabric were very popular.
In the United States, the kepi is most often associated with the American Civil War era, and continued into the Indian Wars. Union soldiers were generally issued kepis for fatigue use. A close copy of the contemporary French kepi, [15] it had a sunken top and squared visor.
In the Civil War the M1858 forage cap, based on the French kepi, was the most common headgear worn by union troops even though it was described by one soldier as "Shapeless as a feedbag". [ citation needed ] There were two types of brims: the first, called the McClellan cap was flat; the second, called the McDowell cap, was curved.
The Hardee hat was first worn by the 1st and 2nd U.S. Cavalry Regiments when raised in 1855. The issue of this new headdress to these units as a substitute for the shakos and forage caps worn by the remainder of the army was initially a provisional one inspired by then Major William J. Hardee of the 2nd Cavalry (see below).
Corps badges in the American Civil War were originally worn by soldiers of the Union Army on the top of their army forage cap , left side of the hat, or over their left breast. The idea is attributed to Maj. Gen. Philip Kearny , who ordered the men in his division to sew a two-inch square of red cloth on their hats to avoid confusion on the ...
The capotain is especially associated with Puritan costume in England in the years leading up to the English Civil War and during the years of the Commonwealth. It is also commonly called a flat-topped hat and a Pilgrim hat , the latter for its association with the Pilgrims who settled Plymouth Colony in the 1620s.
Katcher, Philip. Volstad, Ron. (1986) American Civil War armies: Volunteer militia Osprey ISBN 978-0-85045-679-0; Spencer, John D. (2006) The American Civil War in the Indian Territory Osprey ISBN 978-1-84603-000-0; Emerson, William K. (1996) Encyclopedia of United States Army insignia and uniforms University of Oklahoma Press ISBN 978-0-8061 ...
Other types of bonnet might otherwise be called "caps", for example the Scottish blue bonnet worn by working-class men and women, a kind of large floppy beret. Bonnet derives from the same word in French, where it originally indicated a type of material. From the 18th century bonnet forms of headgear, previously mostly worn by elite women in ...