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  2. Henderson–Hasselbalch equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson–Hasselbalch...

    A simple buffer solution consists of a solution of an acid and a salt of the conjugate base of the acid. For example, the acid may be acetic acid and the salt may be sodium acetate . The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution containing a mixture of the two components to the acid dissociation constant , K a of the acid ...

  3. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    The unified absolute pH scale is based on the absolute chemical potential of the proton, as defined by the Lewis acidbase theory. This scale applies to liquids, gases, and even solids. [23] The advantages of the unified absolute pH scale include consistency, accuracy, and applicability to a wide range of sample types.

  4. Acidity function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidity_function

    The pH scale is by far the most commonly used acidity function, and is ideal for dilute aqueous solutions. Other acidity functions have been proposed for different environments, most notably the Hammett acidity function , H 0 , [ 3 ] for superacid media and its modified version H − for superbasic media.

  5. pH indicator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_indicator

    For example, if the concentration of the conjugate base is 10 times greater than the concentration of the acid, their ratio is 10:1, and consequently the pH is pK a + 1 or pK b + 1. Conversely, if a 10-fold excess of the acid occurs with respect to the base, the ratio is 1:10 and the pH is pK a − 1 or pK b − 1.

  6. Acid–base homeostasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidbase_homeostasis

    An acid-base diagram for human plasma, showing the effects on the plasma pH when P CO 2 in mmHg or Standard Base Excess (SBE) occur in excess or are deficient in the plasma [23] Acidbase imbalance occurs when a significant insult causes the blood pH to shift out of the normal range (7.32 to 7.42 [ 16 ] ).

  7. Acid–base reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidbase_reaction

    In chemistry, an acidbase reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acidbase theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acidbase theory.

  8. Acid–base titration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidbase_titration

    Note that when an acid neutralizes a base, the pH may or may not be neutral (pH = 7). The pH depends on the strengths of the acid and base. In the case of a weak acid and strong base titration, the pH is greater than 7 at the equivalence point. Thus pH can be calculated using the following formula: [1]

  9. Bjerrum plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerrum_plot

    Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...