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A mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. [2]
Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPA1 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This protein regulates mitochondrial fusion and cristae structure in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and contributes to ATP synthesis and apoptosis, [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] and small, round mitochondria. [ 10 ]
The mitochondria contains its own set of DNA used to produce proteins found in the electron transport chain. The mitochondrial DNA only codes for about thirteen proteins that are used in processing mitochondrial transcripts, ribosomal proteins , ribosomal RNA , transfer RNA , and protein subunits found in the protein complexes of the electron ...
The shuttle consists of four protein parts: malate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space. aspartate aminotransferase in the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space. malate-alpha-ketoglutarate antiporter in the inner membrane. [1] glutamate-aspartate antiporter in the inner membrane. [1]
Depiction of mitochondrial membranes. [1] Mitochondrial membrane transport proteins, also known as mitochondrial carrier proteins, are proteins which exist in the membranes of mitochondria. They serve to transport [2] molecules and other factors, such as ions, into or out of the organelles. Mitochondria contain both an inner and outer membrane ...
Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and cell metabolism. More specifically, MFN2 is a dynamin-like GTPase embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) which in turn affects mitochondrial dynamics, distribution, quality control, and function.
Mitochondria is a double-membrane structure in the body cell that generates and transports essential metabolic products. The three layers of this structure are the outer membrane, intermembrane space, and inner membrane. [2] The space inside the mitochondria is called the mitochondrial matrix, while the region outside is the cytosol.
There are several pathways by which mitophagy is induced in mammalian cells. The PINK1 and Parkin pathway is, so far, the best characterized. This pathway starts by deciphering the difference between healthy mitochondria and damaged mitochondria. A 64-kDa protein, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), has been implicated to detect mitochondrial quality.