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The height of the hydraulic jump, similar to length, is useful to know when designing waterway structures like settling basins or spillways. The height of the hydraulic jump is simply the difference in flow depths prior to and after the hydraulic jump. The height can be determined using the Froude number and upstream energy. Equations:
Hydraulic jump characteristics [7] [8] [13] [15] Amount upstream flow is supercritical (i.e., prejump Froude Number) Ratio of height after to height before jump Descriptive characteristics of jump Fraction of energy dissipated by jump [11] ≤ 1.0: 1.0: No jump; flow must be supercritical for jump to occur: none 1.0–1.7: 1.0–2.0: Standing ...
A schematic diagram of a shock wave situation with the density , velocity , and temperature indicated for each region.. The Rankine–Hugoniot conditions, also referred to as Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions or Rankine–Hugoniot relations, describe the relationship between the states on both sides of a shock wave or a combustion wave (deflagration or detonation) in a one-dimensional flow in ...
Although Bernoulli deduced that pressure decreases when the flow speed increases, it was Leonhard Euler in 1752 who derived Bernoulli's equation in its usual form. [4] [5] Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid is the same ...
Using the ideal gas law and the hydrostatic equilibrium equation, gives ¯, which has the solution = (()), where is the gas mass density at the midplane of the disk at a distance r from the center of the star, and is the disk scale height with = ¯ (/ ) (/ ) (/) (¯ / ) , with the solar mass, the astronomical unit, and the atomic mass unit.
The temperature jump method is a technique used in chemical kinetics for the measurement of very rapid reaction rates.It is one of a class of chemical relaxation methods pioneered by the German physical chemist Manfred Eigen in the 1950s.
The pressure jump across this surface is related to the radius and the surface tension γ by =. This may be shown by writing the Young–Laplace equation in spherical form with a contact angle boundary condition and also a prescribed height boundary condition at, say, the bottom of the meniscus.
In theoretical chemistry, Marcus theory is a theory originally developed by Rudolph A. Marcus, starting in 1956, to explain the rates of electron transfer reactions – the rate at which an electron can move or jump from one chemical species (called the electron donor) to another (called the electron acceptor). [1]