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The Act on Ensuring Equal Opportunities for and Treatment of Men and Women in Employment (Japanese: 雇用の分野における男女の均等な機会及び待遇の確保等に関する法律), commonly known as the Equal Employment Opportunity Law (Japanese: 男女雇用機会均等法), is a Japanese labor law, passed in May 1985 and implemented in April 1986, [1] designed to implement an ...
Income levels between men and women in Japan are not equal; the average Japanese woman earns 40 percent less than the average man, and a tenth of management positions are held by women. [5] Women are often found in part time or temporary jobs. 77% of these jobs were filled by women in 2012. [ 39 ]
Many both in and outside Japan share an image of the Japanese work environment that is based on a "simultaneous recruiting of new graduates" (新卒一括採用, Shinsotsu-Ikkatsu-Saiyō) and "lifetime-employment" (終身雇用, Shūshin-Koyō) model used by large companies as well as a reputation of long work-hours and strong devotion to one's company.
After Japan's surrender, women's leaders in Japan began calling for women's enfranchisement. In August 1945, Ichikawa Fusae (a leader of the pre-war women's suffrage movement) organized the Women's Committee to Cope with Postwar Conditions, a group of 70 Japanese women whose top priorities included women's enfranchisement. [ 36 ]
The table below shows a breakdown by sector of jobs held by women in 1940 and 1950. Women overwhelmingly worked in jobs segmented by sex. Women were still highly employed as textile workers and domestic servants, but the clerical and service field greatly expanded. This tertiary sector was more socially acceptable, and many more educated women ...
Labor force participation rate (15-64 age) in Japan, by sex [2] Gender wage gap in OECD [7]. Japan is now facing a shortage of labor caused by two major demographic problems: a shrinking population because of a low fertility rate, which was 1.4 per woman in 2009, [8] and replacement of the postwar generation which is the biggest population range [9] who are now around retirement age.
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Women constituted 1.7% of government management in 1997, [6] and 0.2% of corporate management in 1998. [9] Facing increasing international pressure from bodies like the United Nations, Japan in the 1990s undertook a variety of efforts that culminated in the creation of the Gender Equality Bureau in 2001. [2]