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  2. Just-in-time compilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation

    The earliest published JIT compiler is generally attributed to work on LISP by John McCarthy in 1960. [4] In his seminal paper Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, Part I, he mentions functions that are translated during runtime, thereby sparing the need to save the compiler output to punch cards [5] (although this would be more accurately known as a ...

  3. Virtual machine escape - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine_escape

    CVE-2016-6258 Xen Hypervisor: The PV pagetable code has fast-paths for making updates to pre-existing pagetable entries, to skip expensive re-validation in safe cases (e.g. clearing only Access/Dirty bits). The bits considered safe were too broad, and not actually safe. CVE-2016-7092 Xen Hypervisor: Disallow L3 recursive pagetable for 32-bit PV ...

  4. Sandbox (computer security) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(computer_security)

    The sandbox metaphor derives from the concept of a child's sandbox—a play area where children can build, destroy, and experiment without causing any real-world damage. [1] It is often used to kill untested or untrusted programs or code, possibly from unverified or untrusted third parties, suppliers, users or websites, without risking harm to ...

  5. Address space layout randomization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_space_layout...

    Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is a computer security technique involved in preventing exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities. [1] In order to prevent an attacker from reliably redirecting code execution to, for example, a particular exploited function in memory, ASLR randomly arranges the address space positions of key data areas of a process, including the base of the ...

  6. WebAssembly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAssembly

    The Emscripten SDK can compile any LLVM-supported languages (such as C, C++ or Rust, among others) source code into a binary file which runs in the same sandbox as JavaScript code. [note 2] Emscripten provides bindings for several commonly used environment interfaces like WebGL. As of version 8, a standalone Clang can compile C and C++ to Wasm ...

  7. Trusted execution environment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_execution_environment

    A trusted execution environment (TEE) is a secure area of a main processor. It helps the code and data loaded inside it be protected with respect to confidentiality and integrity .

  8. Sandbox (software development) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(software_development)

    The term sandbox is commonly used for the development of web services to refer to a mirrored production environment for use by external developers. Typically, a third-party developer will develop and create an application that will use a web service from the sandbox, which is used to allow a third-party team to validate their code before migrating it to the production environment.

  9. Arbitrary code execution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution

    On its own, an arbitrary code execution exploit will give the attacker the same privileges as the target process that is vulnerable. [11] For example, if exploiting a flaw in a web browser, an attacker could act as the user, performing actions such as modifying personal computer files or accessing banking information, but would not be able to perform system-level actions (unless the user in ...