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The World Gold Council estimates that all the gold ever mined, and that is accounted for, totalled 190,040 metric tons in 2019 [1] but other independent estimates vary by as much as 20%. [2] At a price of US$1,250 per troy ounce ($40 per gram ) reached on 16 August 2017, one metric ton of gold has a value of approximately $40.2 million.
In 1970, South Africa produced 995 tonnes or 32 million ounces of gold, two-thirds of the world's production of 47.5 million ounces. [2] Production figures are for primary mine production. In the US, for example, for the year 2011, secondary sources (new and old scrap) exceeded primary production. [3]
World's gold from 1845 to 2013, in tonnes (metric tons in the U.S.) World's gold holdings per capita, in grams Gold holdings are the quantities of gold held by individuals, private corporations, or public entities as a store of value, an investment vehicle, or perceived as protection against hyperinflation and against financial and/or political upheavals.
The 1-ounce gold bar is what is used to calculate live gold prices. There is also a troy ounce, which is the unit used when measuring precious metals. With troy ounces, 12 ounces equal one pound.
The standard gold bar held and traded internationally by central banks and bullion dealers is the Good Delivery bar with a 400 ozt (12.4 kg; 27.4 lb) nominal weight. However, its precise gold content is permitted to vary between 350 ozt (10.9 kg; 24.0 lb) and 430 ozt (13.4 kg; 29.5 lb). The minimum purity required is 99.5% gold.
During this period, gold was also discovered across all Canadian provinces and territories and gold production from the 1990 to 1997 period averaged more than 150 tonnes a year.
The first series of sales amounting to 125 tonnes took place in the year 2000 across five auctions with each selling 25 tonnes. [4] By the end of 2002, UK gold reserves dropped to 355.25 tonnes while at the same time the value of gold increased dramatically leading to an estimated loss of £2,000,000,000 from the gold sold. [5]
Gold in Holocene gravels was found in 1850, followed a few years later by hydraulic mining of Tertiary gravels. By 1880, most of the mining had shifted to lode deposits, such as the Empire Mine. Through 1959, the district produced 10.4 million troy ounces (323 tonnes) of lode gold, and 2.2 million troy ounces (68.4 tonnes) of placer gold. [18]