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Federal-style architecture is the name for the classical architecture built in the United States following the American Revolution between c. 1780 and 1830, and particularly from 1785 to 1815, which was influenced heavily by the works of Andrea Palladio with several innovations on Palladian architecture by Thomas Jefferson and his contemporaries.
Currently, the style is most widely known as Second Empire, [1] Second Empire Baroque, [2] or French Baroque Revival; [3] Leland M. Roth refers to it as "Second Empire Baroque." [4] Mullett-Smith terms it the "Second Empire or General Grant style" due to its popularity in designing government buildings during the Grant administration. [5]
Gingerbread is an architectural style that consists of elaborately detailed embellishment known as gingerbread trim. [1] It is more specifically used to describe the detailed decorative work of American designers in the late 1860s and 1870s, [ 2 ] which was associated mostly to the Carpenter Gothic style. [ 3 ]
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In the 1780s the Federal style of architecture began to diverge bit-by-bit from the Georgian style and became a uniquely American genre. At the time of the War of Independence , houses stretched out along a strictly rectangular plan, adopting curved lines and favoring decorative details such as garlands and urns.
The Samuel McIntire Historic District was established in 1981, incorporating two previously established districts, Chestnut Street Historic District (1971) and Federal Street Area Historic District (1976) and adding some 249 structures on upper Essex, Broad, and Warren Streets, Dalton Parkway, and various streets in between.
Federal modernism is an architectural style which emerged in the twentieth century encompassing various styles of modern architecture used in the design of federal buildings in the United States. [1] Federal buildings in this style shunned ornamentation, focusing instead on functional efficiency and low costs. [ 1 ]
Federal architecture is defined by plain surfaces and facades with a limited use of pilasters. Some federal-style building combine the simple brick-based Georgian architecture with elements of classical design, such as columns and pediments. Most, however, lack these classically inspired elements and are simpler in design.