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Primary bronchomalacia is due to a deficiency in the cartilaginous rings. Secondary bronchomalacia may occur by extrinsic compression from an enlarged vessel, a vascular ring or a bronchogenic cyst. Though uncommon, idiopathic (of unknown cause) tracheobronchomalacia has been described in older adults.
Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is a condition characterized by flaccidity of the tracheal support cartilage which leads to tracheal collapse. [1] This condition can also affect the bronchi.
The whole windpipe can be affected, or only a short piece of it. If the collapsed part of the windpipe goes past the area where the windpipe branches off into the two lungs, it is called bronchomalacia. [citation needed] This problem causes noisy or difficult breathing in the first 1 to 2 months after birth.
An adult's trachea has an inner diameter of about 1.5 to 2 centimetres (1 ... tracheomalacia, as well as bronchomalacia, [15] can lead to tracheal collapse, ...
Malacia is abnormal softening of a biological tissue, most often cartilage.The word is derived from Greek μαλακός, malakos = soft. Usually the combining form-malacia suffixed to another combining form that denotes the affected tissue assigns a more specific name to each such disorder, as follows:
Laryngotracheal stenosis is an umbrella term for a wide and heterogeneous group of very rare conditions. The population incidence of adult post-intubation laryngotracheal stenosis which is the commonest benign sub-type of this condition is approximately 1 in 200,000 adults per year. [10] The main causes of adult laryngotracheal stenosis are:
In adults, foreign body aspiration is often associated with an altered state of consciousness. The foreign body is often unchewed food, or part of a tooth or crown . [ 33 ] Bronchiectasis that results from foreign body aspiration generally occurs in the right lung in the lower lobe or posterior segments of the upper lobe.
[4] [5] [6] Due to its rarity it presents a difficulty in adult diagnoses, and its initial presentation can be confused with septic shock. [ 7 ] Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical history , the characteristic expiratory airway collapse on radiological investigation, and exclusion of other causes of congenital and acquired bronchiectasis .