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A financial calculator or business calculator is an electronic calculator that performs financial functions commonly needed in business and commerce communities [1] (simple interest, compound interest, cash flow, amortization, conversion, cost/sell/margin, depreciation etc.).
In discount cash flow analysis, all future cash flows are estimated and discounted by using cost of capital to give their present values (PVs). The sum of all future cash flows, both incoming and outgoing, is the net present value (NPV), which is taken as the value of the cash flows in question; [ 2 ] see aside.
The NPV of a sequence of cash flows takes as input the cash flows and a discount rate or discount curve and outputs a present value, which is the current fair price. The converse process in discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis takes a sequence of cash flows and a price as input and as output the discount rate, or internal rate of return (IRR ...
C = Cash flow per period (amount of each annual payment – $1,000 in this example) i = Interest rate (expressed as a decimal) n = Number of compounding periods (number of years)
The cash flow for a period represents the net change in money of that period. [3] Calculating the net present value, N P V {\displaystyle \,NPV\,} , of a stream of cash flows consists of discounting each cash flow to the present, using the present value factor and the appropriate number of compounding periods, and combining these values.
The initial step is to decide the forecast period, i.e. the time period for which the individual yearly cash flows input to the DCF formula will be explicitly modeled. Cash flows after the forecast period are represented by a single number; see § Determine the continuing value below.
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2/10 net 30 - this means the buyer must pay within 30 days of the invoice date, but will receive a 2% discount if they pay within 10 days of the invoice date. 3/7 EOM - this means the buyer will receive a cash discount of 3% if the bill is paid within 7 days after the end of the month indicated on the invoice date.