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The difference of two squares can also be used as an arithmetical short cut. If two numbers (whose average is a number which is easily squared) are multiplied, the difference of two squares can be used to give you the product of the original two numbers. For example: = (+)
In mathematics, an inner product space (or, rarely, a Hausdorff pre-Hilbert space [1] [2]) is a real vector space or a complex vector space with an operation called an inner product. The inner product of two vectors in the space is a scalar , often denoted with angle brackets such as in a , b {\displaystyle \langle a,b\rangle } .
In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product [note 1] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors), and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry , the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used.
The dot product on is an example of a bilinear form which is also an inner product. [1] An example of a bilinear form that is not an inner product would be the four-vector product. The definition of a bilinear form can be extended to include modules over a ring, with linear maps replaced by module homomorphisms.
Tangloids is a mathematical game for two players created by Piet Hein to model the calculus of spinors.. Tangloids apparatus. A description of the game appeared in the book "Martin Gardner's New Mathematical Diversions from Scientific American" by Martin Gardner from 1996 in a section on the mathematics of braiding.
In polar form, if and are real numbers then the conjugate of is . This can be shown using Euler's formula . The product of a complex number and its conjugate is a real number: a 2 + b 2 {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}} (or r 2 {\displaystyle r^{2}} in polar coordinates ).
The pole is the point, the polar the line. See Pole and polar. By calculation one checks the following properties of the pole-polar relation of the hyperbola: For a point (pole) on the hyperbola the polar is the tangent at this point (see diagram: , ).
For example, the angular momentum is a pseudovector because it is often described as a vector, but by just changing the position of reference (and changing the position vector), angular momentum can reverse direction, which is not supposed to happen with true vectors (also known as polar vectors). [3] One example of a pseudovector is the normal ...