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Kraft lignin from black liquor, which is produced in much higher amounts, may be processed into sulfonated lignin. The lignin is first precipitated by acidifying the liquor with CO 2 then washed (other methods for isolation exist). Reaction with sodium sulfite or sodium bisulfite and an aldehyde under a basic environment completes sulfonation.
The term "lignin characterization" (or "lignin analysis") refers to a group of activities within lignin research aiming at describing the characteristics of a lignin by determination of its most important properties. [1] Most often, this term is used to describe the characterization of technical lignins by means of chemical or thermo-chemical ...
Idealized structure of lignin from a softwood. Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants. [1] Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily.
It has preservative properties, and is used as an ingredient in animal feeds. It is also used for construction, ceramics, mineral powder, chemical industry, textile industry (leather), metallurgical industry, petroleum industry, fire-retardant materials, rubber vulcanization, organic polymerization. [1] It is a pepsin inhibitor. Vovac, J.A. et ...
LignoTech's lignin products are used as dispersing agents in concrete, textile dyes, agrochemicals, batteries and ceramic products, or as binding agents in animal feed and briquettes. Lignin products improve the end-use properties and strengthen the structure of concrete. Lignin-based products are also used in connection with oil drilling.
The black liquor is an aqueous suspension of lignin residues, hemicellulose, and the inorganic chemicals used in the process. The black liquor comprises 15% solids by weight of which two thirds are organic chemicals and the remainder are inorganic. [3] Normally the organics in black liquor are 40-45% soaps, [4] 35-45% lignin and 10-15% other ...
Lignin confers structural integrity to plants. Lignin is so heterogeneous and so recalcitrant that its value is almost exclusively measured as a fuel. hemicellulose is composed of branched polysaccharides. A particular problem is that hemicellulose is covalently linked to lignin, usually through ferulic acid component of the
Alghanim Industries is one of the largest privately owned companies in the Persian Gulf region, predominantly in Kuwait.A multinational company in outlook with operations in 40 countries, Alghanim Industries is a multibillion-dollar company with more than 30 business units under its umbrella.