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The best-known types are brown rot, soft rot, and white rot. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Each produce different enzymes, can degrade different plant materials, and can colonise different environmental niches. [ 6 ] Brown rot and soft rot both digest a tree's cellulose and hemicellulose but not its lignin; white rot digests lignin as well.
Heart rot fungi, including P. pini, enter trees as mycelium or basidiospores through branch stubs, tree stumps, damaged roots, dead branches, and wounds in general and go on to infect the heartwood of the tree. Fire and cutting operations cause the most common points of entry for the fungus.
White root rot has now become the most threatening root disease of the rubber tree in both Asian and African continents, which supply 98% of the natural rubber to the world market. In Indonesia alone, the affected area is more than 80,000 ha. As a whole 5–10% of the cultivated lands are in bare patches due to this deadly disease.
Dryad's saddle is an annual [6] mushroom commonly found attached to dead logs and stumps or on living hardwood trees at one point with a thick stem. Generally, the fruit body is round and between 8–30 centimetres (3–12 inches) across – exceptionally 60 cm (24 in) [ 7 ] – and up to 10 cm (4 in) thick.
It spreads from tree to tree by root grafts, killing trees in an ever-widening circle. [9] The sexual reproductive structures of the fungus, annual or perennial basidiocarps, appear on decomposing stumps and at the base of dead trees and release spores in summer and fall to mid-winter. [ 10 ]
In trees, heart rot is a fungal disease that causes the decay of wood at the center of the trunk and branches. Fungi enter the tree through wounds in the bark and decay the heartwood . The diseased heartwood softens, making trees structurally weaker and prone to breakage.
The trees die from failure to take up water and nutrients because the main roots are decayed. The death is also accelerated by wind that throws the trees down. It is estimated that Laminated root rot reduces timber production by about 4.4 million cubic meters annually. [4] Wood losses in British Columbia are estimated to be 1.4 million cubic ...
Laetiporus sulphureus is a species of bracket fungus (fungi that grow on trees) found in Europe and North America. Its common names are sulphur polypore, sulphur shelf, and chicken-of-the-woods. Its fruit bodies grow as striking golden-yellow shelf-like structures on tree trunks and branches. Old fruitbodies fade to pale beige or pale grey.
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