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Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications. Their distinguishing features include lower temperature/pressure ranges (50 to ...
A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. Fuel cells differ from batteries in that they are designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed. This is a partial list of companies currently producing commercially available fuel cell systems for use in residential, commercial, or industrial settings.
Whereas the common PEM fuel cell, also called Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (LT-PEM), must usually be operated with hydrogen with high purity of more than 99.9 % the HT-PEM fuel cell is less sensitive to impurities and thus is typically operated with reformate gas with hydrogen concentration of about 50 to 75 %.
A home fuel cell or a residential fuel cell is an electrochemical cell used for ... Ltd. sold about 21,000 PEM Eni-Farm units in Japan for a price of $22,600 ...
standard off-the-shelf PEM fuel cell systems available from 10W to 5 kW, or customized fuel cell system configurations up to 150 kW; premium H-1000XP 1 kW stacks with peak efficiency of 59% proven during testing at Shell Eco-Marathon in Asia; ultra-light and compact Aerospace from 200W to 1,000W. fuel cell powered Hydro car
For PEM fuel cell units, which shut down at night, this equates to an estimated lifetime of between ten and fifteen years. [3] For a price of $22,600 before installation. [ 4 ] For 2013 a state subsidy for 50 000 units is in place.
As of 2008, the automotive industry as well as personal and public power generation are the largest markets for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. [17] PEM fuel cells are popular in automotive applications due to their relatively low operating temperature and their ability to start up quickly even in below-freezing conditions. [18] As of ...
Fuel cells are classified by the type of electrolyte they use and by the difference in start-up time ranging from 1 second for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM fuel cells, or PEMFC) to 10 minutes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). A related technology is flow batteries, in which the fuel can be regenerated by recharging.
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