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In any case it is a good engineering practice to keep the Wheatstone bridge voltage drive low enough to avoid the self heating of the strain gauge. The self heating of the strain gauge depends on its mechanical characteristic (large strain gauges are less prone to self heating).
A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component. The primary benefit of the circuit is its ability to provide extremely accurate measurements (in contrast with something like a simple voltage divider ). [ 1 ]
Since the change in resistance measured by a single strain gauge is extremely small, it is difficult to accurately measure changes. Increasing the number of strain gauges applied collectively magnifies these small changes into something more measurable. A set of 4 strain gauges set in a specific circuit is an application of a Wheatstone bridge.
Through a mechanical arrangement, the force being sensed deforms a strain gauge. The strain gauge converts the deformation to electrical signals. A load cell usually consists of four strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. Load cells of one strain gauge (quarter bridge) or two strain gauges (half bridge) are also available.
The best-known bridge circuit, the Wheatstone bridge, was invented by Samuel Hunter Christie and popularized by Charles Wheatstone, and is used for measuring resistance. It is constructed from four resistors, two of known values R 1 and R 3 (see diagram), one whose resistance is to be determined R x , and one which is variable and calibrated R 2 .
In my experience use of an unbalanced Wheatstone bridge is as common as use of a balanced one. For example, in some strain gauge measurements both R3 and Rx (and sometimes R1 and R2 as well) are unknown, being the strain gauges themselves.
The strain gauge, invented by Edward E. Simmons and Arthur C. Ruge in 1938, is a type of resistor that changes value with applied strain. A single resistor may be used, or a pair (half bridge), or four resistors connected in a Wheatstone bridge configuration.
English: Diaphragm strain gauge for pressure transducers. The two outer gauges measure radial strain, the two inner ones measure tangential strain. Not all internal connections for the Wheatstone bridge have already been made, so that resistors for calibration and temperature compensation can be added.
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