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The reaction of an acid in water solvent is often described as a dissociation + + where HA is a proton acid such as acetic acid, CH 3 COOH. The double arrow means that this is an equilibrium process, with dissociation and recombination occurring at the same time.
K′ 3 describes the reaction from three states (two ligands bound) to one state (three ligands bound); hence, the apparent dissociation constant K′ 3 is three times bigger than the microscopic dissociation constant K D. The general relationship between both types of dissociation constants for n binding sites is
The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, autoprotolysis of water, autodissociation of water, or simply dissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H 2 O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH −.
The equilibrium constant for this dissociation reaction is known as a dissociation constant. The liberated proton combines with a water molecule to give a hydronium (or oxonium) ion H 3 O + (naked protons do not exist in solution), and so Arrhenius later proposed that the dissociation should be written as an acid–base reaction:
Dissolution with dissociation reaction. This is characteristic of salts. The equilibrium constant is known in this case as a solubility product. Dissolution with ionization reaction. This is characteristic of the dissolution of weak acids or weak bases in aqueous media of varying pH.
The degree of dissociation α (also known as degree of ionization), is a way of representing the strength of an acid. It is defined as the ratio of the number of ionized molecules and the number of molecules dissolved in water.
Thus the percent dissociation of the acetic acid will decrease, and the pH of the solution will increase. The ionization of an acid or a base is limited by the presence of its conjugate base or acid. NaCH 3 CO 2 (s) → Na + (aq) + CH 3 CO 2 − (aq) CH 3 CO 2 H(aq) ⇌ H + (aq) + CH 3 CO 2 − (aq)
This is effectively a chain reaction of electron generation, and is dependent on the free electrons gaining sufficient energy between collisions to sustain the avalanche. [17] Ionization efficiency is the ratio of the number of ions formed to the number of electrons or photons used. [18] [19]