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The book suggests that the western depiction of the Mongols as savages who destroyed civilization was due to the Mongols' approach to dealing with the competing leadership classes. The Mongols practiced killing the ruling classes in order to subdue the general population, a technique used by other cultures as well.
Cum non solum was a letter written by Pope Innocent IV to the Mongols on March 13, 1245. In it, Pope Innocent appeals to the Mongols to desist from attacking Christians and other nations, and inquires as to the Mongols' future intentions. [1]
They openly employed anti-Mongol and anti-dynastic slogans including "Defeat the Qing and wipe of the Mongols" (平 清 掃 胡) and "Kill Mongols in revenge" (仇 殺 蒙 古). [45] The Jindandao devastated Mongol communities in the southeastern borderland and forced many Mongols to take refuge in northern banners. [45]
Francis Woodman Cleaves (born in Boston in 1911 and died in New Hampshire on December 31, 1995 [citation needed]) was a sinologist, linguist, and historian who taught at Harvard University, and was the founder of Sino-Mongolian studies in America. [1] He is well known for his translation of The Secret History of the Mongols.
The Mongol-American Cultural Association (MACA) was created to preserve and promote Mongol culture in the United States. MACA understands the term Mongol to be inclusive of the people and cultures of all regions where Mongol groups have traditionally lived; in addition to Mongolia, it includes the people and cultures of Kalmykia , Buryatia ...
Some troops leave the battlefield injured. Others return from war with mental wounds. Yet many of the 2 million Iraq and Afghanistan veterans suffer from a condition the Defense Department refuses to acknowledge: Moral injury.
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2010: The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire : Crown, 2010. ISBN 978-0307407153 [14] 2004: Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World New York: Crown Publishers; 1997: The History of Money. New York: Crown Publishers. 1994: Savages and Civilization: Who Will Survive? New York: Crown ...