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Problems with balance can occur when there is a disruption in any of the vestibular, visual, or proprioceptive systems. Abnormalities in balance function may indicate a wide range of pathologies from causes like inner ear disorders, low blood pressure, brain tumors, and brain injury including stroke. [citation needed]
Vertigo is the most common type of dizziness. [2] The most common disorders that result in vertigo are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière's disease, and vestibular neuritis. [1] [2] Less common causes include stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, migraines, trauma, and uneven pressures between the middle ears.
Diseases of the vestibular system can take different forms and usually induce vertigo [citation needed] [13] and instability or loss of balance, often accompanied by nausea. The most common vestibular diseases in humans are vestibular neuritis, a related condition called labyrinthitis, Ménière's disease, and BPPV.
Key Takeaways: Ménière's disease is characterized by episodes of vertigo, worsening hearing loss, and tinnitus. A comprehensive hearing and vestibular evaluation is essential for proper ...
Vestibulopathies are disorders of the inner ear. They may include bilateral vestibulopathy, [1] central vestibulopathy, [2] post traumatic vestibulopathy, [3] peripheral vestibulopathy, [4] recurrent vestibulopathy, [5] visual vestibulopathy, [6] and neurotoxic vestibulopathy, [7] among others. Tinnitus is a common vestibulopathy.
When the sense of balance is interrupted it causes dizziness, disorientation and nausea. Balance can be upset by Ménière's disease, superior canal dehiscence syndrome, an inner ear infection, by a bad common cold affecting the head or a number of other medical conditions including but not limited to vertigo.
Neurologic disorders tend to cause constant vertigo or disequilibrium and usually have other symptoms of neurologic dysfunction associated with the vertigo. Many medications used to treat seizures, depression, anxiety, and pain affect the vestibular system and the central nervous system which can cause the symptom of disequilibrium. [21]
The cause is often not clear. It may be due to a virus, but it can also arise from bacterial infection, head injury, extreme stress, an allergy, or as a reaction to medication. 30% of affected people had a common cold prior to developing the disease. [1] Either bacterial or viral labyrinthitis can cause a permanent hearing loss in rare cases. [7]