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  2. Ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion

    Forming an ionic bond, Li and F become Li + and F − ions. An ion (/ ˈ aɪ. ɒ n,-ən /) [1] is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention. The net charge ...

  3. Ionic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding

    Larger negative ions are more easily polarized, but the effect is usually important only when positive ions with charges of 3+ (e.g., Al 3+) are involved. However, 2+ ions (Be 2+ ) or even 1+ (Li + ) show some polarizing power because their sizes are so small (e.g., LiI is ionic but has some covalent bonding present).

  4. Single displacement reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_displacement_reaction

    A single-displacement reaction, also known as single replacement reaction or exchange reaction, is an archaic concept in chemistry.It describes the stoichiometry of some chemical reactions in which one element or ligand is replaced by atom or group.

  5. Reactivity series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactivity_series

    Ion Reactivity Extraction Caesium Cs Cs + reacts with cold water Electrolysis (a.k.a. electrolytic refining) Rubidium Rb Rb + Potassium K K + Sodium Na Na + Lithium Li Li + Barium Ba Ba 2+ Strontium Sr Sr 2+ Calcium Ca Ca 2+ Magnesium Mg Mg 2+ reacts very slowly with cold water, but rapidly in boiling water, and very vigorously with acids ...

  6. Hydrogen ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_ion

    The concentration of hydrogen ions and pH are inversely proportional; in an aqueous solution, an increased concentration of hydrogen ions yields a low pH, and subsequently, an acidic product. By definition, an acid is an ion or molecule that can donate a proton, and when introduced to a solution it will react with water molecules (H 2 O) to ...

  7. Intermolecular force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermolecular_force

    The polar water molecules surround themselves around ions in water and the energy released during the process is known as hydration enthalpy. The interaction has its immense importance in justifying the stability of various ions (like Cu 2+) in water. An ion–induced dipole force consists of an ion and a non-polar molecule interacting.

  8. Salt (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)

    The constituent ions are held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonds. The component ions in a salt can be either inorganic, such as chloride (Cl −), or organic, such as acetate (CH 3 COO −). Each ion can be either monatomic (termed simple ion), such as sodium (Na +) and chloride (Cl −) in sodium chloride, or polyatomic, such ...

  9. List of aqueous ions by element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aqueous_ions_by...

    (aq) signifies that the ion is aquated, with cations having a chemical formula [M(H 2 O) p] q+ and anions whose state of aquation is generally unknown. For convenience (aq) is not shown in the rest of this article as the number of water molecules that are attached to the ions is irrelevant in regard to hydrolysis. This reaction occurs ...