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The family of sodium channels has 9 known members, with amino acid identity >50% in the trans-membrane segments and extracellular loop regions. A standardized nomenclature for sodium channels is currently used and is maintained by the IUPHAR. [11] The proteins of these channels are named Na v 1.1 through Na v 1.9.
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), (also known as amiloride-sensitive sodium channel) is a membrane-bound ion channel that is selectively permeable to sodium ions (Na +).It is assembled as a heterotrimer composed of three homologous subunits α or δ, β, and γ, [2] These subunits are encoded by four genes: SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1G, and SCNN1D.
Upon depolarization, the four identical motifs of the sodium channel (which contain six transmembrane segments that include a pore-forming loop and a voltage sensor) move outward to allow for sodium influx. Sodium channels have the intrinsic ability to close rapidly following depolarization, and this current, named the "transient sodium current ...
The version with seven tests is often referred to by medical professionals in the United States as the "CHEM-7", or "SMA-7" (Sequential Multiple Analysis-7). [1] The seven parts of a CHEM-7 are tests for: Four electrolytes: sodium (Na +) [2] potassium (K +) [3] chloride (Cl −) [4] bicarbonate (HCO 3 −) or CO 2 [5] blood urea (BU), blood ...
SCNN1A, SCNN1B, and SCNN1G are commonly expressed in tight epithelia that have low water permeability. The major organs where ENaC is expressed include parts of the kidney tubular epithelia, [5] [7] [17] the respiratory airway, [18] the female reproductive tract, [18] male reproductive tract, including testis, spermatogonia in the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells, and spermatozoa, [19 ...
The family of sodium channels has 9 known members, with amino acid identity >50% in the trans-membrane segments and extracellular loop regions. A standardized nomenclature for sodium channels is currently used and is maintained by the IUPHAR. [8] The proteins of these channels are named Na v 1.1 through Na v 1.9.
The flow of sodium ions across epithelia affects osmolarity of the extracellular fluid. Thus, ENaC plays a central role in the regulation of body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and consequently affects blood pressure. [7] As ENaC is strongly inhibited by amiloride, it is also referred to as an "amiloride-sensitive sodium channel".
The flow of sodium ions across epithelia affects osmolarity of the extracellular fluid. Thus, ENaC plays a central role in the regulation of body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and consequently affects blood pressure. [7] As ENaC is strongly inhibited by amiloride, it is also referred to as an "amiloride-sensitive sodium channel".