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Slipped strand mispairing (SSM, also known as replication slippage) is a mutation process which occurs during DNA replication.It involves denaturation and displacement of the DNA strands, resulting in mispairing of the complementary bases.
During DNA replication, the strand being synthesized can misalign with its template strand due to the dynamic nature and flexibility of these triplet repeats. [24] This slippage allows for the strand to find a stable intermediate amongst itself through base pairing, forming a secondary structure other than a duplex. [24]
DNA strand slippage during replication of an STR locus. Boxes symbolize repetitive DNA units. Arrows indicate the direction in which a new DNA strand (white boxes) is being replicated from the template strand (black boxes). Three situations during DNA replication are depicted. (a) Replication of the STR locus has proceeded without a mutation.
At some point during the replication process, the polymerase dissociates from the DNA and replication stalls. When the polymerase reattaches to the DNA strand, it aligns the replicating strand to an incorrect position and incidentally copies the same section more than once. Replication slippage is also often facilitated by repetitive sequences ...
Triplet expansion is caused by slippage during DNA replication or during DNA repair synthesis. [23] Because the tandem repeats have identical sequence to one another, base pairing between two DNA strands can take place at multiple points along the sequence.
DNA replication slippage occurs when the replication machinery encounters a repetitive sequence, such as a trinucleotide repeat region. [9] The repetitive nature of these sequences can present challenges during replication, as the template and newly synthesized strands can misalign. One type of replication slippage is known as "looping out ...
Common sources of gene duplications include ectopic recombination, retrotransposition event, aneuploidy, polyploidy, and replication slippage. [4] A piece of DNA or RNA that is the source and/or product of either natural or artificial amplification or replication events is called an amplicon. [5]
These trinucleotide repeat expansions may occur through strand slippage during DNA replication or during DNA repair synthesis. [29] It has been noted that genes containing pathogenic CAG repeats often encode proteins that themselves have a role in the DNA damage response and that repeat expansions may impair specific DNA repair pathways. [30]