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The EPA has developed an air quality index (AQI) to help explain air pollution levels to the general public. Under the current standards, eight-hour average ozone mole fractions of 85 to 104 nmol/mol are described as "unhealthy for sensitive groups", 105 nmol/mol to 124 nmol/mol as "unhealthy", and 125 nmol/mol to 404 nmol/mol as "very unhealthy".
Real-time magnetic resonance imaging of the human thorax during breathing X-ray video of a female American alligator while breathing. Breathing (spiration [1] or ventilation) is the rhythmical process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly to flush out carbon dioxide and bring in oxygen.
The alveolar oxygen partial pressure is lower than the atmospheric O 2 partial pressure for two reasons. Firstly, as the air enters the lungs, it is humidified by the upper airway and thus the partial pressure of water vapour (47 mmHg) reduces the oxygen partial pressure to about 150 mmHg.
Oxygen flows from areas with high partial pressure of oxygen (PO 2, also known as oxygen tension) to areas of lower PO 2. Air is typically around 21% oxygen, and at sea level, the PO 2 of air is typically around 159 mmHg. [2] Humidity dilutes the concentration of oxygen in air. As air is inhaled into the lungs, it mixes with water and exhaust ...
Indoor air pollution is a major health hazard in developing countries and is commonly referred to as "household air pollution" in that context. [5] It is mostly relating to cooking and heating methods by burning biomass fuel, in the form of wood, charcoal, dung, and crop residue, in indoor environments that lack proper ventilation. Millions of ...
Ozone-oxygen cycle in the ozone layer. The photochemical mechanisms that give rise to the ozone layer were discovered by the British physicist Sydney Chapman in 1930. Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O 2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen); the atomic oxygen then combines ...
If an oxygen atom and an ozone molecule meet, they recombine to form two oxygen molecules: 4. ozone conversion: O 3 + O → 2 O 2. Two oxygen atoms may react to form one oxygen molecule: 5. oxygen recombination: 2O + A → O 2 + A as in reaction 2 (above), A denotes another molecule or atom, like N 2 or O 2 required for the conservation of ...
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has developed an Air Quality index to help explain air pollution levels to the general public. 8-hour average ozone mole fractions of 76 to 95 nmol/mol are described as "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups", 96 nmol/mol to 115 nmol/mol as unhealthy and 116 nmol/mol to 404 nmol/mol as very unhealthy. [27]
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