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Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often represented as a pyramid, with the more basic needs at the bottom. [1] [2] Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [1]
Choice theory posits that the behaviors we choose are central to our existence. Our behavior is driven by five genetically driven needs in hierarchical order: survival, love, power, freedom, and fun. The most basic human needs are survival (physical component) and love (mental component).
The basic needs approach has been described as consumption-oriented, giving the impression "that poverty elimination is all too easy." [4] Amartya Sen focused on 'capabilities' rather than consumption. In the development discourse, the basic needs model focuses on the measurement of what is believed to be an eradicable level of poverty.
In addition to basic needs, humans also have needs of a social or societal nature such as the human need for purpose, to socialize, to belong to a family or community or other group. Needs can be objective and physical, such as the need for food, or psychical and subjective, such as the need for self-esteem. Understanding both kinds of "unmet ...
Basic needs are defined as the most basic needs required to survive such as food, water and shelter. [11] Basic needs and needs associated with self-actualization (overwhelming needs) co-exist when basic needs are being compromised over extended periods of time. [11]
This page was last edited on 27 September 2013, at 16:20 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
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In 1938, the American psychologist Henry Murray developed a system of needs as part of his theory of personality, which he named personology.Murray argued that everyone had a set of universal basic needs, with individual differences among these needs leading to the uniqueness of personality through varying dispositional tendencies for each need; in other words, a specific need is more ...