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The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1).This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit, it supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
The axillary nerve supplies two muscles in the arm: deltoid (a muscle of the shoulder) and teres minor (one of the rotator cuff muscles). The axillary nerve also carries sensory information from the shoulder joint. It also innervates the skin, covering the inferior region of the deltoid muscle, known as the regimental badge area. [9]
The right brachial plexus with its short branches, viewed from in front. The sternomastoid and trapezius muscles have been completely removed, the omohyoid and subclavius have been partially removed; a piece has been sawed out of the clavicle; the pectoralis muscles have been incised and reflected.
The subclavian nerve, also known as the nerve to the subclavius, is a small branch of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. It contains axons from C5 and C6 . It innervates the subclavius muscle .
The musculocutaneous nerve is a mixed branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus derived from cervical spinal nerves C5-C7. It arises opposite the lower border of the pectoralis minor. [1] It provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm: the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis. [2]
The extrinsic muscle groups are the long flexors and extensors. They are called extrinsic because the muscle belly is located on the forearm. The intrinsic group are the smaller muscles located within the hand itself. The muscles of the hand are innervated by the radial, median, and ulnar nerves from the brachial plexus. [1]
The upper (superior) trunk is part of the brachial plexus. It is formed by joining of the ventral rami of the fifth (C5) and sixth (C6) cervical nerves. The upper trunk divides into an anterior and posterior division. The branches of the upper trunk from proximal to distal are: subclavian nerve (C5-C6) suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
These nerves are part of a group of nerves that innervate the muscles that move the scapula. The upper subscapular nerve innervates the upper portion of the subscapularis muscle. The middle subscapular nerve, known as the thoracodorsal nerve, innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle. [1] The lower subscapular nerve contains two branches.