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Hydrothermal deposits of economically valuable and recoverable minerals are generally considered scarce, meaning such deposits are very small relative to the total area of earth's surface. [ 2 ] Each of these deposit types is usually considered to represent a distinctive deposit group with common features and in a similar four-dimensional ...
Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits, also known as VMS ore deposits, are a type of metal sulfide ore deposit, mainly copper-zinc which are associated with and produced by volcanic-associated hydrothermal vents in submarine environments. [2] [3] [4] These deposits are also sometimes called volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits
Even if some deposits clearly indicate a magmatic source, it must be considered that only due to overprinting mineralization with higher gold grades from other sources, these deposits became economic. [23] A hybrid deposit with a combination of a magmatic and a metamorphic (mid- or sub-crustal) source is a much more common scenario. [24]
The sulphide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulphide (S 2−) or disulphide (S 2− 2) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores . The sulphide class also includes the selenides , the tellurides , the arsenides , the antimonides , the bismuthinides, the sulpharsenides and the sulphosalts .
Massive sulfide deposits are ore deposits that have significant stratiform ore bodies consisting mainly of sulfide minerals.Most massive sulfide ore deposits have other portions that are not massive, including stringer or feeder zones beneath the massive parts that mostly consist of crosscutting veins and veinlets of sulfides in a matrix of pervasively altered host rock and gangue.
Epithermal — mineral ore deposits formed at low temperatures (50–200 °C) near the Earth's surface (<1500 m), that fill veins, breccias, and stockworks. [2] Telethermal — mineral ore deposits formed at shallow depth and relatively low temperatures, with little or no wall-rock alteration, presumably far from the source of hydrothermal ...
Sphalerite is amongst the most common sulfide minerals, and it is found worldwide and in a variety of deposit types. [8] The reason for the wide distribution of sphalerite is that it appears in many types of deposits; it is found in skarns , [ 25 ] hydrothermal deposits , [ 26 ] sedimentary beds, [ 27 ] volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits ...
Main ore minerals in SEDEX deposits are fine-grained sphalerite and galena, chalcopyrite is significant in some deposits; silver-bearing sulfosalts are frequent minor constituents; pyrite is always present and can be a minor component or the dominant sulfide, as it is the case in massive sulfide bodies; barite content is common to absent ...