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The Philippine islands were incorporated into the Spanish Empire during the mid-16th century. [7] Accordingly, Spanish nationality law applied to the colony. [8] No definitive nationality legislation for Philippine residents existed for almost the entire period of Spanish rule until the Civil Code of Spain became applicable in the Philippines on December 8, 1889.
2003, Philippine Republic Act No. 9225, also known as the Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003 enacted, allowing natural-born Filipinos naturalized in the United States and their unmarried minor children to reclaim Filipino nationality and hold dual citizenship. [144] [145]
The Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003 (Republic Act No. 9225) made Filipino Americans eligible for dual citizenship in the United States and the Philippines. [214] Overseas suffrage was first employed in the May 2004 elections in which Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was reelected to a second term. [215]
Philippine Studies 37#2 (1989), pp. 174–91. online; McCoy, Alfred W. Policing America’s empire: The United States, the Philippines, and the rise of the surveillance state (Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2009) online. McKenna, Rebecca Tinio. American imperial pastoral: The architecture of US colonialism in the Philippines (University of Chicago ...
During American colonial rule in the Philippines, there was an increase in American immigration to the Philippines.Retiring soldiers and other military men were among the first Americans to become long-term Philippine residents and settlers; these included Buffalo Soldiers and former Volunteers, primarily from the Western states.
Philippine Secretary of Agriculture Proceso Alcala, for whom Calayag had worked in the past, convinced him to move back to the Philippines and join the Department of Agriculture; Calayag renounced U.S. citizenship in January 2013 prior to becoming head of the National Food Authority.
This changed in 2003, when the Philippines legalized multiple citizenship and it no longer became mandatory to renounce foreign citizenship to obtain Filipino citizenship. These modifications were subsequently codified in Section 3 of Republic Act No. 9225, which mandates that former Filipino citizens reacquiring Filipino citizenship take an ...
In 1927, U.S. nationals of the U.S. Virgin Islands were granted citizenship rights. [86] American Samoa became a U.S. territory in 1929 and its inhabitants became non-citizen nationals. [87] Since passage of the Nationality Act of 1940, non-citizen nationals may transmit their non-citizen U.S. nationality to children born abroad. [88]