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Audience design is a sociolinguistic model formulated by Herb Clark in 1982 and Gregory Murphy [1] and later elaborated by Allan Bell in 1984 [2] which proposes that linguistic style-shifting occurs primarily in response to a speaker's audience. According to this model, speakers adjust their speech primarily towards that of their audience in ...
This idea led Bell to develop the theory of audience design, a theory that landed a prominent place within the field of sociolinguistics. While also doing work within the field of sociolinguistics, Bell has worked as a journalist and editor for several news outlets, including daily news services, weekly newspapers, and monthly magazines.
The test enables the assessment of a broad range of academics skills or only a particular area of need. The WIAT-II is a revision of the original WIAT (The Psychological Corporation), and additional measures. There are four basic scales: Reading, Math, Writing and Oral Language. Within these scales there is a total of 9 sub-test scores. [1]
The Collegiate Learning Assessment (CLA) is a standardized testing initiative in United States higher educational evaluation and assessment.It uses a "value-added" outcome model to examine a college or university's contribution to student learning which relies on the institution, rather than the individual student, as the primary unit of analysis.
"A literary style that is easy-to-read because it matches the reading skill of the audience." (William DuBay) "Language that is clear, concise and correct." (Richard Wydick) "Language that allows readers to make an informed decision about the content because it considers their literacy levels, cognitive abilities, contexts, wants, needs ...
Test takers are asked to correctly complete the sentence by selecting the most appropriate word from four options. Reading comprehension of sentences and texts: 15: Question type 1: test takers are presented with one sentence, followed by a question concerning its meaning. Test takers must select the correct answer from four options.
The Lexile Framework for Reading is an educational tool in the United States that uses a measure called a Lexile to match readers with reading resources such as books and articles. Readers and texts are assigned a Lexile score, where lower scores reflect easier readability for texts and lower reading ability for readers.
Two Girls Reading by Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Reader-response criticism is a school of literary theory that focuses on the reader (or "audience") and their experience of a literary work, in contrast to other schools and theories that focus attention primarily on the author, content, or form of the work.