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Most clinical studies recommend the use of HbA1c assays that are traceable to the DCCT assay. [55] The National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) and IFCC have improved assay standardization. [37] For initial diagnosis of diabetes, only HbA1c methods that are NGSP-certified should be used, not point-of-care testing devices. [36]
On average, each change of 3.3 mmol (60 mg/dL) in average blood sugar levels will give rise to changes of 2% HbA1c and 75 μmol fructosamine values. [6] However, this overemphasizes the upper limit of many laboratories' reference ranges of 285 μmol/L as equivalent to HbA1c 7.5% rather than 6.5%.
The IFCC's aims are to set global standards, support and educate its members, and provide conferences and other gatherings for sharing knowledge among the global laboratory medicine community. [ 1 ] IFCC members fall into three groups: national societies of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, corporations , and affiliate international ...
Chronic hyperglycemia can be measured via the HbA1c test. The definition of acute hyperglycemia varies by study, with mmol/L levels from 8 to 15 (mg/dL levels from 144 to 270). [48] Defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, results in hyperglycemia. [16]
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Measurement of HbA1c—the predominant form of glycated hemoglobin—enables medium-term blood sugar control to be monitored in diabetes. Some glycation products are implicated in many age-related chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (the endothelium, fibrinogen, and collagen are damaged) and Alzheimer's disease (amyloid proteins ...
Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin, bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
Diabetes is diagnosed by testing the level of sugar or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in the blood. [12] [13] Type 1 diabetes can typically be distinguished from type 2 by testing for the presence of autoantibodies [12] and/or declining levels/absence of C-peptide. There is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes. [5]
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