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  2. Caesar cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher

    In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet .

  3. ROT13 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13

    ROT13 is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome, used by Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC. [1] An early entry on the Timeline of cryptography.

  4. Aristocrat Cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocrat_Cipher

    The ciphertext alphabet is rearranged according to a keyword, which then replaces the plaintext letters. K3 Cipher: This variation uses both a keyed plaintext and a keyed ciphertext alphabet, but the same keyword is used for both. K4 Cipher: Similar to the K3 Cipher, but different keywords are used for the plaintext and ciphertext alphabets.

  5. Unicity distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicity_distance

    Now an alphabet of 32 characters can carry 5 bits of information per character (as 32 = 2 5). In general the number of bits of information per character is log 2 (N), where N is the number of characters in the alphabet and log 2 is the binary logarithm. So for English each character can convey log 2 (26) = 4.7 bits of information.

  6. Affine cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_cipher

    The Caesar cipher is an Affine cipher with a = 1 since the encrypting function simply reduces to a linear shift. The Atbash cipher uses a = −1 . Considering the specific case of encrypting messages in English (i.e. m = 26 ), there are a total of 286 non-trivial affine ciphers, not counting the 26 trivial Caesar ciphers.

  7. Substitution cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher

    The cipher alphabet may be shifted or reversed (creating the Caesar and Atbash ciphers, respectively) or scrambled in a more complex fashion, in which case it is called a mixed alphabet or deranged alphabet. Traditionally, mixed alphabets may be created by first writing out a keyword, removing repeated letters in it, then writing all the ...

  8. Puzzle solutions for Friday, Nov. 22, 2024

    www.aol.com/news/puzzle-solutions-friday-nov-22...

    Celebrity Cipher "I vividly remember Charles Bronson's face in 'Chino.' The Western genre is screaming for a face like that." − Mads Mikkelsen (Distributed by Andrews McMeel)

  9. Chaocipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaocipher

    Deciphering is identical to enciphering, with the ciphertext letter being located in the "left" alphabet while the corresponding plaintext letter is read from the "right" alphabet. A detailed description of the Chaocipher algorithm is available [ 4 ] as well as discussions of the deciphered plaintexts [ 6 ] and the solution to Byrne's challenge.