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Worldwide, PM 10 concentrations of 70 μg/m 3 and PM 2.5 concentrations of 35 μg/m 3 have been shown to increase long-term mortality by 15%. [29] More so, approximately 4.2 million of all premature deaths observed in 2016 occurred due to airborne particulate pollution, 91% of which occurred in countries with low to middle socioeconomic status.
PM pollution is estimated to cause 22,000–52,000 deaths per year in the United States (from 2000) [212] contributed to ~370,000 premature deaths in Europe during 2005. [213] and 3.22 million deaths globally in 2010 per the global burden of disease collaboration. [214]
PM10 particulates are more likely to deposit on the surface of the larger airways of the upper region of the lung, and can cause tissue damage and inflammation, according to the California Air ...
For reporting the PM 2.5, PM 10 and ozone air quality indices, this surrogate concentration is called the NowCast. The Nowcast is a particular type of weighted average that provides more weight to the most recent air quality data when air pollution levels are changing. [49] [50]
The reports provide guidelines intending to give guidelines to reduce the health effects of air pollution. [2] The guidelines stipulate that PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m 3 24-hour mean; and that PM 10 should not exceed 15 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2]
The tiny pollutants emitted by fossil fuel combustion and wildfires may be raising the risk of adverse birth outcomes, a study has found. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) can cause ...
A study concluded that PM 2.5 air pollution induced by the contemporary free trade and consumption by the 19 G20 nations causes two million premature deaths annually, suggesting that the average lifetime consumption of about ~28 people in these countries causes at least one premature death (average age ~67) while developing countries "cannot be ...
Further analysis done in 1979 and 1997 made it necessary to significantly modify the pollution standards. Atmospheric particulate matter. PM 10, coarse particles: 2.5 micrometers (μm) to 10 μm in size (although current implementation includes all particles 10 μm or less in the standard) PM 2.5, fine particles: 2.5 μm in size or less ...