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Focal seizures (also called partial seizures [1] and localized seizures) are seizures that affect initially only one hemisphere of the brain. [2] [3] The brain is divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. A focal seizure is generated in and affects just one part of the ...
A seizure is a paroxysmal episode of symptoms or altered behavior arising from abnormal excessive or synchronous brain neuronal activity. [5] A focal onset seizure arises from a biological neural network within one cerebral hemisphere, while a generalized onset seizure arises from within the cerebral hemispheres rapidly involving both hemispheres.
The following definitions refer to the temporal relation with seizures. [1] Pre-ictal refers to the state immediately before the actual seizure, stroke, or headache. Post-ictal refers to the state shortly after the event. Interictal refers to the period between seizures, or convulsions, that are characteristic of an epilepsy disorder. For most ...
Seizure prediction is a special case of seizure detection in which the developed systems are able to issue a warning before the clinical onset of the epileptic seizure. [ 76 ] [ 78 ] Computational neuroscience has been able to bring a new point of view on the seizures by considering the dynamical aspects.
Automatism is a set of brief unconscious or automatic behaviors, [1] typically at least several seconds or minutes, while the subject is unaware of actions. This type of automatic behavior often occurs in certain types of epilepsy, such as complex partial seizures in those with temporal lobe epilepsy, [2] or as a side effect of particular medications such as zolpidem.
PNES episodes can be difficult to distinguish from epileptic seizures without the use of long-term video EEG monitoring.Some characteristics which may distinguish PNES from epileptic seizures include gradual onset, out-of-phase limb movement (in which left and right extremities jerk asynchronously or in opposite directions, as opposed to rhythmically and simultaneously as in epileptic seizures ...
Epilepsy most often occurs at the extremes of life – in childhood or in very old age – but can develop at any time throughout one's life. Although these seizures are usually due to large, acute brain lesions resulting from strokes in adults and focal cortical inflammatory processes in children ( Rasmussen's encephalitis ), possibly caused ...
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), formerly known as pyknolepsy, is an idiopathic generalized epilepsy which occurs in otherwise normal children. The age of onset is between 4–10 years with peak age between 5–7 years. Children have absence seizures which although brief (~4–20 seconds), they occur frequently, sometimes in the hundreds per ...